Monasteries were constructed and further settlements were founded during this era. Under the Sasanid reign, many of the inhabitants in Eastern Arabia were introduced to Christianity following the eastward dispersal of the religion by Mesopotamian Christians. Qatar played a role in the commercial activity of the Sasanids, contributing at least two commodities: precious pearls and purple dye. In 224 AD, the Sasanian Empire gained control over the territories surrounding the Persian Gulf. It has been suggested that Qatar is the earliest known site of shellfish dye production, owing to a Kassite purple dye industry which existed on the coast. Among the findings were 3,000,000 crushed snail shells and Kassite potsherds. Kassite Babylonian material dating back to the second millennium BC found in Al Khor Islands attests to trade relations between the inhabitants of Qatar and the Kassites in modern-day Bahrain. Al Da'asa, a settlement located on the western coast of Qatar, is the most important Ubaid site in the country and is believed to have accommodated a small seasonal encampment. 6500–3800 BC) have been discovered in abandoned coastal settlements. Mesopotamian artifacts originating from the Ubaid period (c. Settlements and tools dating back to the Stone Age have been unearthed in the peninsula. Human habitation in Qatar dates back to 50,000 years ago. Main article: History of Qatar Antiquity Excavation of a Kassite dye site on Al Khor Island Įnglish speakers use different approximate pronunciations of the name as the Arabic pronunciations use sounds not often used in English. In Modern Standard Arabic, the name is pronounced, while in the local dialect it is. Eventually, after several variations - "Katr", "Kattar" and "Guttur" - the modern derivative Qatar was adopted as the country's name. The term "Catara" (inhabitants, Cataraei) was exclusively used until the 18th century, after which "Katara" emerged as the most commonly recognised spelling. The map also referenced a town named "Cadara" to the east of the peninsula. A century later, Ptolemy produced the first known map to depict the peninsula, referring to it as Catara. Pliny the Elder, a Roman writer, documented the earliest account pertaining to the inhabitants of the peninsula around the mid-first century AD, referring to them as the Catharrei, a designation that may have derived from the name of a prominent local settlement. Qatar's human rights record has been regarded by academics and non-governmental organisations as being generally poor, with restrictions on civil liberties such as the freedoms of association, expression and the press, as well as its treatment of thousands of migrant workers amounting to forced labour for projects in the country. Qatar is a Dialogue partner of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. Qatar forms part of the Gulf Cooperation Council. In the 21st century, Qatar emerged as a middle power in the Arab world through its resource-wealth, as well as its globally expanding media group, Al Jazeera Media Network, and reportedly supporting several rebel groups financially during the Arab Spring. Qatar is one of the world's largest exporters of liquefied natural gas, and the world's largest emitter of carbon dioxide per capita. It is a high-income economy, backed by the world's third-largest natural gas reserves and oil reserves. Qatar ranks 42nd in the Human Development Index, the third-highest HDI in the Arab world. In terms of income, the country has the fourth-highest GDP (PPP) per capita in the world, and the eleventh-highest GNI per capita (Atlas method). In early 2017, the total population of Qatar was 2.6 million, with 313,000 of them Qatari citizens and 2.3 million expatriates. The partially-elected Consultative Assembly can block legislation and has a limited ability to dismiss ministers. He appoints the prime minister and cabinet. The current emir is Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, who holds nearly all executive and legislative authority under the Constitution of Qatar, as well as controlling the judiciary. Following Ottoman rule, Qatar became a British protectorate in 1916, and gained independence in 1971. Qatar has been ruled as a hereditary monarchy by the House of Thani since Mohammed bin Thani signed a treaty with the British in 1868 that recognised its separate status. The capital is Doha, home to over 80% of the country's inhabitants, and the land area is mostly made up of flat, low-lying desert. The Gulf of Bahrain, an inlet of the Persian Gulf, separates Qatar from nearby Bahrain. It occupies the Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in the Middle East it shares its sole land border with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf. Qatar ( US: / ˈ k ɑː t ɑːr, k ə ˈ t ɑːr/ Arabic: قطر Qaṭar, local vernacular pronunciation: ), officially the State of Qatar, is a country in West Asia.
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